All Sects Of Buddhism By Sakayumi Buddha - 1841 Words

Giovanni Lasao Professor Amanda Lucia RLST 12 9 March 2015 Title All sects of Buddhism agree that the truths of Buddhism where discovered by Sakayumi Buddha during his meditations under the Bodhi tree. In honor of its founder, meditation holds a vital role in Buddhism for indicating an individual’s ability to attain truth. It is through the process of meditation, that Buddhists can attempt to attain enlightenment in the same matter as the Buddha during the myth of Bodhi- the story of Buddha’s enlightenment. In order to understand the significance of Buddhist meditation, it is necessary to first understand the mythology behind it: the enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautama. About 2500 years ago, between the fourth and sixth centuries BCE, Siddhartha Gautama was born crown prince, son of Suddhodana, King of the Sakyas. He was born in Lumbini Garden, in modern day Nepal. Being born as a prince, Gautama was guaranteed social and material comfort. It was said that during his life in the palace, Gautama was aware of the pain and suffering which afflicted human life, a quality which was intensified due to the early loss of his mother, Queen Maya. As a youth, Gautama meditated in an effort to detach himself from desire and find enlightenment, preferring to do so under the shade of a tree, foreshadowing his apotheosis into Sakayumi Buddha. It was during these periods of meditation that the Buddha decided to search for the root of all suffering. In the Buddhist scripture the

Essay about Coming to an Awareness of Language - 742 Words

Coming To an Awareness of Language In the short narrative, Coming to an Awareness of Language, by Malcolm X, we are told the story of how a young Malcolm X developed from a illiterate street hustler to a self educated man in prison who would later go on to lead the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X recalls his stay in the Norfolk Prison Colony School as never feeling â€Å"so truly free in life.† OInTThe reader gets a firsthand account of the story from Malcolm X, which gives the audience a better and more realistic connection to situations in the story. Malcolm X did not have an easy life growing up. After the loss of his father, a Baptist minister and a black nationalist, and the admittance of his mother to a mental institution at an early†¦show more content†¦Eventually Malcolm X learned decided to copy the entire dictionary which eventually broadened his word-base. In Norfolk Prison Colony Malcolm X felt free. Malcolm X felt that during his stay in the Norfolk Prison Colony he never felt more truly free. During his sentence, Malcolm X expanded his mind and became motivated to learned things that he most likely wouldn’t have on the streets. He becomes infatuated with reading and he spent his time in the library or in his bunk reading different books. Overtime Malcolm X became more influenced by Elijah Muhammad, a religious leader of the Nation of Islam. After finishing his time in prison, Malcolm X would also become a key leader of the Nation of Islam. In Coming to an Awareness of Language, the learning process that the author goes through can be compared to that of our own. Malcolm X put effort into every part of his learning experience. He struggles working on his penmanship, and is excited by learning word that he didn’t know existed like aardvark. Here the reader feels a connection to Malcolm X’s excitement and pain in his process of learning and writing new words to their own experiences learning. â€Å"I never realized so many words existed! ...In my slow , painstaking, ragged handwriting, I copied into myShow MoreRelatedComing From An Awareness Of Language By Malcolm X1175 Words   |  5 PagesIn Malcolm X s biography Coming to an Awareness of Language he reveals that he struggled with expressing himself in his writing due to lack of education. He grew up speaking only slang and even though he was well respected for being one of the best speakers in the streets, it didn t get him very far when he needed to be seen in the eyes of professionals. While incarcerated inNorfolk Prison Colony, Malcolm X wrote to various people about a variety of issues that he deemed important. 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The keyRead More Transformational Writing Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesTransformational Writing In the piece, Coming into language, Jimmy Santiago Baca reflects his time spent in prison, where he battled illiteracy and experimented with personal writing. Orphaned at the age of two, Baca spent most of his life in the barrio and on the streets. He dropped out of school in the ninth grade and became a felon at the age of seventeen. Completely illiterate, Baca discovered his heritage in a picture book of Chicano history. A Chicano, Baca identified with theRead MoreAmy Tans Mother Tongue and Jimmy Santiago Bacas Coming Into Language1011 Words   |  5 PagesMother Tongue and Jimmy Santiago Bacas Coming Into Language In the course of reading two separate texts it is generally possible to connect the two readings even if they do not necessarily seem to be trying to convey the same message. 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Computer Hacking is Ethical Free Essays

Austin Areas English Ill Honors Mrs.. Mills 14 December 2012 Computer Hacking is Ethical Computer hacking is a term that most everyone in today’s society is familiar with. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Hacking is Ethical or any similar topic only for you Order Now When the average person hears news about computer hacking, most likely they think about cyber-crimes, website defacement’s, or knocking various websites offline. This inaccurate description is Just the image that today’s media creates. In reality, true hackers are much different. Computer hacking is not the only type of hacking in today’s society. Hacking actually originated from partaking, which is the art of racking a telephone network (â€Å"A Brief History of Computer Hacking†). Hacking is seen as being blackball, or wrong, when hacking can also be beneficial to the world. There are different types of computer hackers: â€Å"Hastiest,† ones who hack to express a political opinion, â€Å"Hobbyist† hackers, those who hack for enjoyment, and â€Å"Research hackers,† those who hack to learn about security and fix vulnerabilities (â€Å"License to hack? Ethical hacking†). As mentioned before, the first computer hackers were not people who were hacking to earn some quick cash. In 1878, two years after the telephone was invented y Alexander Graham Bell, a group of teenagers who worked to maintain the New York switchboard were fired because they were interested in seeing how the phone connections were made and how the calls were distributed to specific locations. Their actions were essentially th e equivalent of early computer hackers. These boys were trying to break into the telephone system to understand and see how the switchboard worked (â€Å"Timeline: A 40-Year History of Hacking†). Computers were not always in the easy to use, graphical interface they are today. Along the time period of the ass, mainframe computers were very popular. Most universities and companies would have rooms dedicated to containing these mainframe computers, which were essentially a large chunk of metal locked away in a controlled environment. Due to the prices and exclusivity, users had to fight for time to obtain access to these slow- moving machines. Since these mainframe computers were so expensive and resource intensive, meaning they required time, knowledge, electricity, and money, computer programmers went out on a ledge to learn and create ways to speed up processes and modify hardware to increase performance speed (â€Å"Computer hacking: Where did it begin and how did it grow? ). In return, the machine would be able to complete more tasks and operations in a shorter time period. Hiring a hacker to modify one’s machine in the ass and ass would definitely increase business functionality (Parks). The term â€Å"Hacker† did not earn the definition it has in today’s world until the sass. Users discovered that they could apply their knowledge of the inner workings of a computer for their own gain. This was the time period when viruses, mallard, and other nasty cyber infections were created to earn their coder or hacker money (â€Å"Timeline: A 40-Year History of Hacking†). In the early sass, a man named John Draper discovered that he could recreate the pitch a telephone used by using a whistle obtained from a box of cereal. By using this whistle, Draper could recreate the 2600-hertz audio tone and score some free long-distance calls. Draper’s actions were one of the first illegal actions committed by a hacker, which earned him the nickname â€Å"Captain Crunch. † Later in the sass, devices called â€Å"Blue Boxes† were invented by a computer club in California. These boxes were used to help change a tone to match the tone created by a telephone, thus making telephone tampering easier to use. These boys went by the names of Steve Jobs and Steve Woozier, the creators of Apple Inc. â€Å"Timeline: A 40-Year History of Hacking†). Attention towards partaking was created during this decade, resulting in a few computer and telephone hacking magazines being created. These magazines would benefit those who wanted to become partakers and computer hackers, by teaching them techniques, and giving access to those who had already accomplished these illegal acts (â€Å"Timeline: A 40-Year History of Hacking†). Another effect from the huge amounts of attention towards hackers was a new law being passed, called The Comprehensive Crime Control Act, giving the Secret Service Jurisdiction over cases including credit card and computer fraud (â€Å"INCURS Abstract†). Later in 1987, a seventeen-year-old hacks into AT’s computer network, which led to his arrest. This boy was caught because he did want most teenage boys do, he bragged on an online bulletin board about it. Federal authority says he committed the hacking from his bedroom, and was one step away from breaching into ATT’s switching system, the system that controlled most of the nation’s communication access fine (â€Å"Timeline: A 40-Year History of Hacking†). In the year 1988 the first self-replicating virus was created by a twenty-two year old graduate named Robert Morris from Cornell University that was designed to take advantage of an exploit in UNIX-based systems. The Morris-worm, named after the creator, infected nearly one tenth of machines connected to the internet. Morris was arrested for releasing the virus and was sentenced to three years of probation, 400 hours of community service, and a $10,000 fine (â€Å"Zen and the Art of the Internet†). No other major hacks occurred until the mid to late ass, when two hackers known as Data Stream hacked into computers and systems owned by institutions such as NASA and Korean Atomic Research Institute. One of the two was caught by detectives form Scotland Yard and was discovered to be sixteen years old (â€Å"The Case Study: Rome Laboratory, Griffins Air Force Base, and NY Intrusion†). The year after, Vladimir Levin allegedly used his laptop to transfer funds from Citibank’s computer network to various accounts across the world. Eventually Levin was extradited to the US, sentenced to three years in prison, and ordered to pay Citibank $240,000. The exact amount of money stolen is unknown, but is estimated to be around $3. -$10 million, not all of which has been recovered (â€Å"How To Hack A Bank†). Later that year legendary computer hacker Kevin Nitpick was arrested in Raleigh, North Carolina, and accused of breaking security violations, such as copying computer software, breaking into various networks and stealing information, including close to 20,000 credit cards. He spent four years in Jail without trial and was released in early 2000. Nitpick was accused of crimes dating back to the mid-sass (â€Å"Timeline: A 40-year history of hacking†). After the year 2000, many to most cyber- attacks or hacks have been caused by mallard users unknowingly downloading them onto their PC. Most newly created enamelware bypasses anti-virus scans, which means no one is ever one hundred percent safe on the internet. The graph below displays the type of virus or mallard threats received on various US computers (â€Å"Microsoft Security Intelligence Report†). Every computer hacker is powered by a motive or several motives. Usually malicious hackers are motivated from self-gain, either money or fame. Malicious programmers create mallard programs to do their bidding; such software can log every key one presses, steal sensitive data such as passwords for personal and banking websites, r add one’s computer to a ring of infected computers that can be used to Dos websites (â€Å"Ethics in Computing†). A Dos attack is when packets of data are sent to a Webster that eventually overload the server with data to the point where the server crashes, therefore knocking the website offline. More recently, Anonymous has taken credit for Dosing major banking websites offline (â€Å"Bank of America Hit By Anonymous Dos Attack†). There are many different types of Dos attacks; the most common is a JODI Flood, which sends a JODI packet to random ports on a server. When a packet is sent to a port where there is no application listening on that port, the server replies with a Destination Unreachable packet, so the server has to respond to every single JODI Packet with an Unreachable; the part that crashes the server is when the Unreachable Packet is sent (â€Å"UDP Flood Attack†). Hackers sometimes will sell their bootee, which is the term that describes a ring of infected computers. When a hacker sells or rents his bootee, the infected PC’s are transferred over to the buyer for their use, which is usually for more illegal Dos attacks. There is extremely easy money when it comes to selling information attained from hacking, whether it is selling hacked website accounts for popular websites like Youth or websites that require a monthly subscription. Most of the transactions are made online and are close to untraceable. Finding a competent hacker on the internet is the equivalent of going to Iraq and looking for AY Quad. Hackers know how to hide, where to hide, and how to stay safe (â€Å"Hackers Selling Cheap BOOTEES and DOS on Forums†). Even though hackers know how to hide, that does not mean they cannot get caught. Hacker Jon Paul Soon illegally hacked into his previous employer’s network with malicious intent. This network was a medical network that contained health records, names, addresses, and provided services to seventeen different clinics in San Diego. Soon was punished with five years in prison and a combined fine of over four hundred thousand dollars, along with a ban from using a computer (â€Å"Hackers: Crimes and punishments†). Teenage hackers usually get off easier, with punishments like time in a Juvenile center, a ban from computers, community service, or very light prison sentences depending on age. FBI informant Max Butler was a hacker who was charged in 2001 with possession of stolen passwords, computer intrusion, and thirteen other counts. He risked going to prison for forty years because he decided to stop helping the FBI catch other hackers. These are Just a few cases of the risks hackers take for the thrill or self-gain from hacking (â€Å"5 Of the World’s Most Famous Hackers What Happened to Them†). With such strong consequences, one might wonder why an individual would want to become a computer hacker. Internet users become hackers because they know how to work the system; they know how to yap’s the law and do close to anything they want (â€Å"The Hacker Work Ethic†). Hackers are purely cyber thieves who terrorize innocent users using their superior knowledge of how computers and the internet work. There are indeed an abundance of hackers who have malicious intent, but there are those who hack for a higher purpose (Roberts). Identifying what type of hacker one is dealing with is extremely easy; all one must do is look at the end product and ask a few questions. Is this hacker trying to steal information? Is the hacker trying to infect systems? If so, then that hacker is malicious. Other hackers hack for the learning experience. They want to learn more about computers and how systems change when modifying specifications. Hacker Sarah Flannels describes the work she put into her encryption algorithm as, â€Å"l had a great feeling of excitement †¦ Worked constantly for whole days on end, and it was exhilarating. There were times when I never wanted to stop. † Pursuing knowledge has been the fuel for many computer users since the first computers were created in the sass. These people live by the idea that the best way to learn is to take a hands on approach (â€Å"Types of computer hackers†). Contrary to black hat hackers, a type of hacker exists known as the white hat hacker. White hat hackers are the people who help infected users on the web. Many black hat hackers such as Kevin Nitpick, Kevin Paulsen, and Mark Been have turned white hat after serving time in prison or on probation (â€Å"12 â€Å"White Hat† hackers you should know’). Not only to white hat hackers try to reverse the effects of black hats, but they also hack websites. Many businesses hire penetration testers, A. K. A. White hat hackers to try to penetrate the businesses’ servers or databases to test how protected the businesses’ websites are. Penetration testers, commonly referred to as Pen Testers, report back any exploits they have covered while hacking their employer’s website or database, and then they patch the exploit, thus making a safer internet. Companies believe that if a white hat hacker can penetrate their security, then so can a mischievous black hat hacker (â€Å"tithe hat’ hackers in demand†). An example of a famous white hat hacker is computer analyst and expert Touts Samurai, who police used to track down and apprehend Kevin Nitpick in 1995 after Nitpick had evaded the FBI for years, and caused well over $100,000 in damage to systems belonging to Motorola, Monika, Sun Microsystems, and NECK (â€Å"The trials of Kevin Mitotic). This is Just one example of a hacker being caught by another hacker. Police computer security analysts and hackers to look decipher cyber evidence that is related to crimes under investigation, along with cyber-forensics to break down crimes and solve them quickly (â€Å"The Kevin Nitpick/ Touts Samurai affair†). Hollywood has also tried to portray computer hacking in movies such as Hackers, from 1995, and War Games from 1983. The movie Hackers is about two computer hackers named Crash Override and Acid Burn, who seemingly fight each other with silly fonts and awful homepage graphics. Later on in the movie, he US Secret Service is involved when another associate of Overrides hacks into a school’s mainframe and downloads a garbage file. This file actually contained a computer virus that could apparently capsize the company’s oil tanker fleet. After a few other friends are arrested, everyone is cleared of their charges and the movie ends happily. In reality, all of these hackers would have been in prison, and would not had their charges dropped, not to mention the fact that a company had the code to a computer virus that could control their entire oil tanker fleet on a garbage file in their easily hackle mainframe (â€Å"Hackers†). Legitimate hackers later defaced the movie Hacker’s website to express how they felt about the silliness in this movie (â€Å"Hacked Movie Site†). Nothing really big happened, only some text was changed and a few pictures were defaced with satirical pictures drawn over them. The website still has the hacked version of their website mirrored, meaning it is still accessible to the web. Included in the text of the defaced website were lines describing how Hollywood misunderstands technology and will never be able to comprehend the hard work and time needed to perform some of the acts that hackers accomplish. No en can tap a few keys on a keyboard and hack into a company’s mainframe, website, or database. Hackers included a scene where someone managed to access a supercomputer with Just the password â€Å"GOD† and has the UNIX operating system replaced with some other three dimensional interface does not represent the real world in any manner (â€Å"Episode – Hackers†). The movie Live Free or Die Hard also butchers computer hacking in the sense that the computer hacks in it are so good at hacking that they can control entire cities, including quotes like â€Å"Okay, I want you to hack into that traffic light and make it red. Almost all of the incredible feats provided by Hollywood in movies is practically impossible, or would require months of research to perform. Many hackers believe that Hollywood will never portray legitimate hackers correctly (â€Å"Hollywood Hacking – Television Tropes Idioms†). Computer fanatics are compelled by the mystery of the machine. When Mr.. Hake, the Computer Applications teacher from Erwin High was asked why he was so fascinated by computers when he first had access to them, he replied with, â€Å"They were new and exciting; no one really knew where we were going to go with amputees, but everyone seemed to want to use them. † Mr.. Hake described that people were compelled to study computers due to their mysteriousness and interesting possibilities (Hake). Switching from being a computer fanatic to being a computer hacker can happen really quickly when one may see how easy earning, or stealing money actually is on the internet. Or maybe the thrill of breaking past security will push the moderately to advanced computer user to turn to the dark side of computer hacking. Malicious hackers will always have a hard time as long as the be is full of white hat hackers to make their Job, or hobby more difficult (â€Å"Meaning of Hacking and the Different Kinds of Hackers†). In conclusion, not every person who knows their way around a computer’s boundaries is unethical. While there are many intelligent and malevolent hackers loose on the web, it is still a safe place. Today’s media does not accurately portray hackers or the hacker’s philosophy, and neither do cut-rate Hollywood movies. Media websites control how civilians see cyber criminals, due to that factor, most innocents see hackers has people who are out to no good. The white knights of the internet are never given the appreciation they deserve, because of them we are as safe as we are now. White hat hackers have patched countless exploits caused by bad-natured hackers. Governments can Jail as many hackers as they want, but they can never Jail a philosophy. Hackers will always exist; they will always be out to gain something out of their exploits. Society needs to understand that hackers also hack to prevent collateral damage, or to catch the worst of the worst hackers. There are good hackers and bad hackers, Just as there are good people and bad people; not all hackers are unethical. How to cite Computer Hacking is Ethical, Papers

The St. Catharines Chamber Music Society free essay sample

At the center of the stage, a piano for the concert stands there quietly. When spotlight falls on the piano, the grace of classical music arises in the audiences hearts, which makes them relaxed and expectant. The first half Of the program included two pieces, Piano Quartet in E-flat major, K. 493 composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Die Gibeshe composed by Franz Schubert. The most impressive piece for me was the first one. It was a chamber music from classical period. This concerto- like quartet had three movements, which gave us an echoing through the performance.There was a material between piano and strings that changes along the piece. The first movement was a sonata-form Allegro. A bright and genial opening establishes the major tone of the entire piece. This sonata- allegro also had a lot of narrow leaps which allows me feel lively. The second movement Lorgnette was like a rapt dialogue between piano and strings. We will write a custom essay sample on The St. Catharines Chamber Music Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It started with solo piano. Then, it has a downcast and made me fell leisure. The third movement Allegretto was the finale of the piece, which has a moderately paced rondo.The characteristics of classical music Include wintertime, balanced phrases melody, dance rhythms, diatonic, tonic- dominant harmony, enlivenment sonata-allegro form and homophobic. The violin tonic-dominant and the form of homophobic allowed me ensure that the piece is composed in Classical ear, but not from Baroque era. The second half of the program had two pieces as well. They were String Trio in C minor, Pop. 9, no. 3 composed by Ludwig van Beethoven and La file du r ©cement composed by Agitate Tendonitis. What impressed me most was the first one. It was a piece composed during Classical era. This key C minor work s chamber genre. It was emotionally wrought up like Beethovens other works. It was also a four-movement model of the traditional trio. The first movement was Allegro con spirit. This movement had no dominant role of any kind of instruments with rounded structure. It included lots of emphatic chords which gave auditors intensive mood. The second movement was Adagio con expression. This part had a slow speed with abundant and changeable sentiment. It made me feel a little bit dark, sorrowful and solemn. The complex feeling is like struggling for the life.This movement ended Tuttle. The third movement Scherzo is allegro molt e vice. The accelerated rhythm. It made me feel anxious and tight during the performance. Then, it ended with a gradually soften dynamics and brilliant coda. The last movement, finale, was Presto. It was a Rondo with a soft ending as well. The homophobic form I heard during the piece allowed me know it not from Baroque era. This concert allows me have a clear impression of what is classical music and how to recognize the characteristics of classical music, which has improved my ability of appreciation of a kind of new music.

The St. Catharines Chamber Music Society free essay sample

At the center of the stage, a piano for the concert stands there quietly. When spotlight falls on the piano, the grace of classical music arises in the audiences hearts, which makes them relaxed and expectant. The first half Of the program included two pieces, Piano Quartet in E-flat major, K. 493 composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Die Gibeshe composed by Franz Schubert. The most impressive piece for me was the first one. It was a chamber music from classical period. This concerto- like quartet had three movements, which gave us an echoing through the performance.There was a material between piano and strings that changes along the piece. The first movement was a sonata-form Allegro. A bright and genial opening establishes the major tone of the entire piece. This sonata- allegro also had a lot of narrow leaps which allows me feel lively. The second movement Lorgnette was like a rapt dialogue between piano and strings. We will write a custom essay sample on The St. Catharines Chamber Music Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It started with solo piano. Then, it has a downcast and made me fell leisure. The third movement Allegretto was the finale of the piece, which has a moderately paced rondo.The characteristics of classical music Include wintertime, balanced phrases melody, dance rhythms, diatonic, tonic- dominant harmony, enlivenment sonata-allegro form and homophobic. The violin tonic-dominant and the form of homophobic allowed me ensure that the piece is composed in Classical ear, but not from Baroque era. The second half of the program had two pieces as well. They were String Trio in C minor, Pop. 9, no. 3 composed by Ludwig van Beethoven and La file du r ©cement composed by Agitate Tendonitis. What impressed me most was the first one. It was a piece composed during Classical era. This key C minor work s chamber genre. It was emotionally wrought up like Beethovens other works. It was also a four-movement model of the traditional trio. The first movement was Allegro con spirit. This movement had no dominant role of any kind of instruments with rounded structure. It included lots of emphatic chords which gave auditors intensive mood. The second movement was Adagio con expression. This part had a slow speed with abundant and changeable sentiment. It made me feel a little bit dark, sorrowful and solemn. The complex feeling is like struggling for the life.This movement ended Tuttle. The third movement Scherzo is allegro molt e vice. The accelerated rhythm. It made me feel anxious and tight during the performance. Then, it ended with a gradually soften dynamics and brilliant coda. The last movement, finale, was Presto. It was a Rondo with a soft ending as well. The homophobic form I heard during the piece allowed me know it not from Baroque era. This concert allows me have a clear impression of what is classical music and how to recognize the characteristics of classical music, which has improved my ability of appreciation of a kind of new music.

1984 By George Orwell Essays (917 words) - Nineteen Eighty-Four

1984 By George Orwell George Orwell was not only a writer, but also an important political reformer. Orwell was born in India in 1903. He considered his family a lower-middle class family. He said this because his family was a part of the middle class, but had little money. His father worked for the British government and was able to be apart of the middle class without money. Orwell lived in Britain and went to boarding school there on scholarships. He was the poorest student among many wealthy children. Orwell felt like an outsider at the boarding schools he went to. The students were all kept in line by beatings. This was Orwell's first taste of dictatorship, being helpless under the rule of an absolute power. In an essay, Orwell wrote of being beaten for wetting his bed. Whenever he was in trouble he was quickly pointed out as a charity student. He suffered many years of isolation and loneliness. Writing and having imaginary conversations with himself consoled Orwell. Orwell was unable to continue schooling because of grades. He joined the Indian Imperial Police. He was assigned to keep peace in British dependencies. Although his father was very proud, he was hated by many. In turn, he hated himself and the job he was called to do for his country. In Orwell's novel, 1984, you see his feelings of guilt and isolation come out through main character, who feels guilty for working under the ruling party. Orwell resigned from the police and dedicated his life to writing. He took out a period of his life to live amongst poverty and try to understand classes. Orwell saw their hardships, but strongly believed that class divisions were necessary. Orwell became Democratic Socialist after living amongst the poor. He saw a strong need for the public to do something about the harsh environment of poverty. He expressed this need, through his writing. He believed in a government that would take over such things as medical care and railroads for the good of the people. At the same time, he believed the people should run it. One of his main goals of writing was to express his disagreement with totalitarianism. Orwell said Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for a democratic socialism. Orwell carried out his purpose through the novel, 1984. He set up an extreme scenario of totalitarianism and brought out it's true evil. Much of 1984's inspiration is a result of the events happening around the time of its publication. One major and obvious event was World War II, more specifically, Nazism and the reign of Hitler as a dictator. The main character in 1984, Winston Smith, was named after Winston Churchill, a political leader during World War II. Another important historical aspect was Stalinism, which was happening in Russia. Stalin purged or killed political enemies for the good of the state. George Orwell fought against these totalitarianists by his writing. This is how he became a political reformer. In the late 1940's, Russia was Germany's ally, but later became an enemy. ended up fighting against each other at Stalingrad. In 1984, the major powers of the world were always at war, but the enemy keeps changing. After World War II, one would think that totalitarianism would never be heard of again. In the story 1984, there is a totalitarian government. There are a lot of things written that could not have happened before the twentieth century. Telescreens are the best example. They were comparable to modern televisions, but televisions were not invented until the twentieth century. These telescreens in the novel were in every public and private place that transmitted party propaganda and entertainment. And, more advanced then a television, the telescreen can read thoughts. In the novel it detects thought crimes against the ruling party. It is thought crime that the main character, Winston is charged with and arrested by the Thought Police for. After the arrest, Winston is faced with terrible cruelty. He is, first of all beaten, and worst of all he is betrayed by O'Brian, his friend. Winston sees O'Brian enter the cell and thinks he is captured too but O'Brian was the captor. He tells Winston

Learn How to Use Cè and Ci Sono

Learn How to Use C'à ¨ and Ci Sono If you stop and listen to yourself speak English, you’ll notice that you repeat the same kind of structures again and again. Most notably, you’ll hear a lot of â€Å"there is† and â€Å"there are† when starting sentences. Since it is such a frequently used structure, it’s one that’s essential to know in Italian. So how do you say â€Å"there is† and â€Å"there are† in Italian? Below you’ll find the translations for both phrases along with examples to help you understand how to use it in everyday conversation. Let’s Discuss the Present C’à ¨ (from ci à ¨) There isCi sono There are Here are some examples of these phrases being used in the present tense. Esempi (c’à ¨): Non c’à ¨ fretta. - There is no hurry.C’à ¨ un bell’uomo l che ti aspetta. - There is a handsome man waiting for you there.Scusi, c’à ¨ Silvia? - Excuse me, is Silvia there?C’à ¨ una parola difficile in questa frase. - Theres a difficult word in this sentence.C’à ¨ qualcosa che non va. - There is something not right (in this situation).C’à ¨ una gelateria qui in zona che à ¨ buonissima. - There is an ice cream shop in this neighborhood that is so delicious.C’à ¨ una ragazza qua che non mi piace per niente. - There is a girl who I don’t like at all. It’s likely that you’ve heard the popular expression â€Å"che c’à ¨?†, which is the Italian equivalent of â€Å"what’s up?†. Literally, it can be translated as â€Å"what is there?†. You: Che c’à ¨ tesoro? - What’s up honey?Friend: Niente, perchà ¨? - Nothing, why are you asking me?You: Ti vedo un pà ² triste. - You look a bit sad. Esempi (ci sono): Ci sono molti italiani a New York. - There are many Italians in New York.Ci sono troppi gusti buonissimi, quindi non posso scegliere! - There are too many good flavors, so I can’t choose!Non ci sono molti ristoranti cinesi qua. - There are not many Chinese restaurants here.Uah! Ci sono tanti libri italiani in questa biblioteca. Sono al settimo cielo! - Wow! There are so many Italians book in this library. I’m in seventh heaven!Sul tavolo ci sono due bottiglie di vino che ho comprato ieri sera. - On the table there are two bottles of wine that I bought last night. C’à ¨ and ci sono should not be confused with ecco (here is, here are; there is, there are), which is used when you point at or draw attention to something or someone (singular or plural). Eccoci! - Here we are!Eccoti i documenti che avevi richiesto. - Here are the documents you requested. What About the Past? If you want to say â€Å"there was† or â€Å"there were†, you’re most likely going to need to use either the passato prossimo tense or l’imperfetto. Knowing which one to choose is a topic for a different day (and one that makes Italian language students want to pull their hair out), so instead we’ll just focus on what these phrases would look like in both forms. Esempi: Il passato prossimo (c’à ¨ stato/a) C’à ¨ stata molta confusione. - There was a lot of confusion/chaos.C’à ¨ stato un grande concerto allo stadio. - There was a great concert at the stadium.Ci sono stati molti esempi produttivi. - There were lots of good examples. Notice here that the ending of â€Å"stato† has to agree with the subject of the sentence, so if â€Å"parola† is feminine and it’s the subject, then â€Å"stato† has to end in an â€Å"a†. Esempi: Il passato prossimo (ci sono stati/e) Ci sono state troppe guste buonissime, quindi non potevo scegliere! - There were too many good flavors, so I couldn’t choose!Ci sono stati tanti libri italiani in quella biblioteca. Sono stato/a al settimo cielo! - There were so many Italians book in that library. I was in seventh heaven!Quando ho studiato l’italiano, non ci sono state molte scuole per imparare la lingua. - When I studied Italian, there were not many schools for learning the language. Notice here that the ending of â€Å"stato† has to agree with the subject of the sentence, so if â€Å"libri† is masculine and it’s the subject, then â€Å"stato† has to end in â€Å"i†. Esempi: l’imperfetto (cera) Quel giorno, non c’era fretta. - That day, there was no hurry.Quando ero piccola qui c’era una gelateria buonissima. - When I was a little girl, there was a delicious ice cream shop in this neighborhood.Intorno a noi, c’era un bel panorama della campagna di Orvieto. - Around us, there was a beautiful view of the countryside of Orvieto. Esempi: l’imperfetto (cerano) Da bambino, non c’erano molti ristoranti cinesi qua. - When I was a little boy, there weren’t many Chinese restaurants here.Un giorno facevo una passeggiata e ho visto che c’erano molti cani randagi. - One day I was taking a walk I saw that there were a lot of stray dogs.C’erano un paio di studenti che hanno imparato pià ¹ velocemente rispetto agli altri. - There were a couple of students that learned faster than the other students. Other Forms You May See Il congiuntivo presente (the present subjunctive) - ci sia and ci siano Spero che ci sia bel tempo. - I hope it’s going to be sunny. Il congiuntivo imperfetto (the imperfect subjunctive) - ci fosse and ci fossero Dubito che ci siano molte persone al teatro. - I doubt there will be lots of people at the theater.

Critique a Research Article Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Critique a Article - Research Paper Example In addition, to make sure that victims take part more in physical exercises to progress their own health. The aim of this study is related to the importance of improving mobility of groups with MS. The author wants to make people with chronic body conditions to change their perceptions about physical activity, which is based on past studies that discouraged them from some activities. The author outlines some disadvantages of physical inactiveness. The researchers used direct and semi-structured interviews by means of open-ended questions in conjunction with prearranged ones. While the researchers did not spell out the type of research approach they used, all indicators show that the study was based upon a phenomenology model because it openly studies structures of insight as experienced by clients who responded. In this study, the people who were interviewed were patients who had just received medical intercession to stop their state of multiple sclerosis, with the most important int ention of the study being the adjustment of their insight to contribute more in physical activity. The author challenges the previous studies that discouraged physical activity among MS victims. The authors offered an equipped explanation to enable the person who reads to be aware of the subject matter being looked into in the research paper. The author draws information from the past publications for example basing their point of view on the outcome of the hypothetical novel physiotherapy intervention also called Blue prescription as a technique of advancing patient involvement in physical activity, the researchers supported their objectives with convincing and pertinent secondary sources numbering 38, pinched from just about the world. Many of the sources that they applied contained up to date information, but a petite number of them were in print more than ten years ago. On

Care of Toddlers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Care of Toddlers - Essay Example It accounts for significant morbidity and mortality, especially in those with underlying cardiac or pulmonary disease. The etiologic agent is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an RNA virus whose growth appears to be primarily in the respiratory tract epithelium. Other viruses, such as influenza virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza virus, can produce similar clinical states. Almost all children have been infected by RSV by the age of 3 years. The peak rate of hospitalization occurs at before 6 months of age. Both the diseases affect children below 1 year. In this paper, we have made a study of two toddlers, one affected by acute Epiglottitis and the other by acute Bronchiolitis both under the age of 6, for the similarities in their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment and care requirements. Epiglottitis is an acute swelling of the glottic structures caused by bacterial infection. It is a true medical emergency and requires rapid, accurate diagnosis and treatment to avoid airway obstruction. Epiglottitis involves infection of the supraglottic structures, usually with Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB). On rare occasions other pathogens are involved, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, -hemolytic streptococcus, and H. influenzae type a. Epiglottitis is has virtually disappeared in North America as a result of widespread immunization. The disease may rarely be caused by group A streptococci. Epiglottitis occurs throughout the year but is more common in the winter months. Eighty percent of infected children are younger than 5 years of age, with the peak incidence between 2 and 6 years of age. Since the institution of the HIB vaccine, the incidence appears to be declining, and epiglottitis currently accounts for only 1 to 10 of every 10,000 pediatric admissions. Older children may be affected by supraglottitis that is more indolent and is caused by group A streptococcus. There may be genetic and immunogenic factors which predispose individuals to invasive HIB disease. On the other hand, Bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the small airways that results in expiratory obstruction and wheezing. The term "bronchiolitis" is usually applied to an illness of young infants and children, characterized by respiratory distress and hypoxemia. Older children may also have wheezing with viral infections. Bronchiolitis is typically caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Other agents that have been associated with bronchiolitis include adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Transmission occurs primarily by direct contact with infected secretions. Viral shedding typically lasts 6 to 10 days. Attack rates among family members are 45 per cent, and transmission in daycare centers approaches 100 per cent among infants previously uninfected. Symptoms In the case of the toddler with acute epiglottitis, the symptoms might include acute illness with high temperature (often 39.5C+) and associated toxic state for less than 2 days, acute onset of severe inspiratory and expiratory stridor which is rapidly progressive. The child appears anxious, still, swallowing is painful and so there often is drooling of saliva. The child with epiglottitis presents with an abrupt onset of fever, sore

The Pirates of the Caribbean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Pirates of the Caribbean - Essay Example First, the act of human slavery has not been eradicated totally. Secondly, the accounts on slavery give a very strong indication of why those ‘dark’ days of slave trade should never be revisited. Context in which each text was produced The Pirates of the Caribbean is set around a context of rescue mission. But there is a whole ironic contextual twist to this as the rescue, which was to be done for the governor’s daughter by Blacksmith Will Turner was done in conjunction with a pirate, Captain Jack Sparrow. Due to the love of Blacksmith Will Turner for the governor’s daughter, it can be said that the rescue mission was based on love. This therefore creates a context of the need to die for a person’s loved one even if it at times calls for doing this by fair or foul means. Slavery and capture are depicted in the context of producing The Pirates of the Caribbean because we see the governor’s daughter being captured into what was certainly to be e nslavement. With reference to Emmanuel Appadocca, there is the context of consequences of undermining the integrity of others. This is because Emmanuel Appadocca set himself on the path of revenge purposely to proof to the rich sugar planter, James Wilmington that if it was his mother (Emmanuel’s mother) he did not have respect for, he Emmanuel was in a position to show that there was a way he could defend the integrity of his mother. The approach was indeed questionable and so this also brings to fore, the idea that when a person is forced to act for someone he loves, it is mostly done by every means possible – even if through a foul means. Genres and how they influenced the Text All two sets of work; that is The Pirates of the Caribbean and Emmanuel Appadocca have genres of action, adventure and fantasy. However, the mediums through which these two great works of literature were carried have a lot of influence on the messages and contextual themes they carried. Indee d, films and novels carry the same theme in different fashions. It is for this reason that there are several film versions of novels that had existed for long. In fact it would be expected that when a film and a novel are depicting the same theme, the film would have a realistic appeal of the theme than the novel. But indeed as far as the theme of slavery is concerned, the same cannot be said of The Pirates of the Carribean as against Emmanuel Appadocca. This is because in Emmanuel Appadocca, the writer’s setting and central theme was indeed at the time of the slave trade. This means that the writer had more exemplifying and elaborative way of presenting the issue of slavery than in The Pirates of the Caribbean. In the latter, though there was the theme of slavery, much of the writer’s attention was on the rescue and the love relationship that existed between Blacksmith Will Turner and the governor’s daughter. Due to this, a lot of the action that the power of m otion had in the film was centered on the rescue theme rather than elaborating on the plight and hardship associated with the capture. In the novel also, due to the lack of motion, the writer was forced to be really sentimental with his presentation on issues of slavery and so could better depict slavery through writing than it was through motion picture. Intended audience for text Some way some

The Needs Of Older People In Palliative Care Nursing Essay

The Needs Of Older People In Palliative Care Nursing Essay Worldwide, populations are experiencing an increase in life expectancy with associated serious chronic illnesses towards the end of life (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2011). In the UK, 457,000 people require palliative care services annually, however there are significant shortcomings in providing care to all those in need. In a recent survey, by the Palliative Care Funding Review (2011), it was estimated that 92,000 people are not being reached by palliative care services. After decades of declining death rates, we now face the dual demographic challenges of increasing life expectancy and an incline in chronic illnesses towards the end stage of life. As a result a rise in patients with more complex healthcare requirements could be expected. Palliative care advocates a holistic, problem-based approach for patients facing terminal disease in order to improve quality of life and symptom control (WHO, 2009). Studies have shown that, in addition to receiving the best possible treatment, patients want to be approached as individuals and have autonomy regarding decisions affecting their care (Gomes and Higginson, 2008). This essay aims to discuss how an ageing population will influence the delivery of physiotherapy to the older person in palliative care. It will address the current necessary factors required to meet the needs of the older person whilst also evaluate the barriers preventing access to physiotherapy services in palliative care. The role of the physiotherapist will be evaluated with reference to appropriate and current health care policies. In order to discuss meeting the needs of the older person, it is essential to establish a definition of the older person. As defined by WHO (2012) (1) most developed world countries have accepted the chronological age of 65 years as a definition of elderly or older person. Whilst it has generally been agreed by the United Nations (UN) that 60+ years is thought of as the cut-off point when referring to an older person (WHO, 2011). Over the last 25 years, the number of people aged 65 and over in the UK has increased by 18%, from 8.4 million to 9.9 million, and it continues to steadily increase (Office for National Statistics, 2010). Changing demographics mean that on average, people worldwide are living 30 years longer than they did a hundred years ago with life expectancy continuing to increase by approximately 4 months every year (United Nations, 2008). WHO (2011) estimates indicate that by 2050, more than one quarter of the population will be aged 65 years and older. Whilst changing demographics indicate an inevitable increase in population of the older person, patterns of disease are also changing, with more people dying from multiple debilitating conditions such as cardiovascular disease, neurological conditions, and diabetes. It could be argued that advances in medical knowledge and technology have allowed many patients to live longer, however a paradox of this success is that many will struggle in managing such a wide range of diseases, symptoms, and disabilities towards the end of live (Wu and Quill, 2011). Inevitably the combined pressures of increasing life expectancy and greater numbers of people living with multiple conditions at the end of life mean that pressure will be put on palliative health and social care capacity in order to adapt to these changing demographics (NCPC, 2010). Palliative care is defined by The World Health Organisation (WHO) as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦an approach that improves quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through prevention, assessment and treatment of pain and other physical, psychosocial and spiritual problems. (WHO, 2002) Physiotherapists are vital members of specialist palliative care teams, with a critical role to play in the management of the older person in palliative care (CSP, 2004). Physiotherapists work to restore physical function, reduce pain and disability and increase mobility ultimately improving the life of patients, regardless of life expectancy (Medscape, 2011). The Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Oncology and Palliative Care (ACPOPC), guidelines for Good Practice (1993) describes the role of the physiotherapist in palliative care as being: . . . To improve the patients quality of life by helping to achieve maximum potential of functional ability and independence. As recognised by Baldwin and Woodhouse (2011), rehabilitation and palliative care may appear to be at the opposite ends of the spectrum however the World Health Organisations definition of palliative care (WHO, 2002) advocates offering support to improve quality of life and maximize functional ability until death. The appropriate physiotherapeutic intervention can allow functional ability and mobility levels to be maximized, thus improving quality of life. This in return promotes independence for the older person facing end of life. There is sufficient evidence demonstrating that exercise can improve reduced mobility which is so prevalent among the elderly. In a high intensity strength training program of 100 nursing home residents, William (1999) concluded that because of their low functional status and high incidence of chronic disease, there is no segment of the population that can benefit more from exercise than the elderly. A fundamental core value of palliative care is to allow the older person to feel empowered facing the end of their life. Wikman and Faitholm (2006) describe an empowered patient as a patient who works with the multidisciplinary team to formulate goals and make treatment decisions. A fundamental component of physiotherapy is to establish achievable goals with patients and work in partnership with both the patient and relatives to achieve these goals. Within palliative care, realistic joint goal setting provides the patient with control over their treatment when they are experiencing a loss of independence (Robinson, 2000). However, regardless of the evidence demonstrating the benefits of physiotherapy intervention to the older person, the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines (2004) found that some patients are still unable to receive access to rehabilitation services. It is suggested that this is due to the patients needs not being recognized by healthcare members and a lack of allied health professionals who are adequately trained in the care of patients under palliative care (NICE, 2004). Despite the important role physiotherapists can contribute and provide to the older person in palliative care, there are current barriers preventing the ageing population from accessing such services. With the current ageing population estimated to increase it is essential these barriers are overcome with measures set in place so that the demands and needs of such changing demographics can be met. To date, the needs of the older person in palliative care has not been a research priority. Current research predominantly focuses on recommendations on the needs of the older person facing end of life as opposed to formal evaluations of the effectiveness of palliative care (WHO, 2004; WHO, 2011). Until recently palliative care has been largely focused towards patients with a cancer diagnosis, with a large majority of palliative care research focusing upon palliative care specifically for the cancer diagnosis (Baldwin and Woodhouse 2011). However it is estimated by the National Council for Palliative Care that 300,000 people die each year from progressive non-malignant disease (Royal College of Physicians, 2007). For example, the Coronary Heart Disease Collaborative (2004) concedes that heart failure produces greater suffering and is associated with a worse prognosis than many cancers (Baldwin and Woodhouse 2011). Whilst a study by Byrne et al (2009) concludes that there is a scarcity of evidence identifying the palliative care needs of patients with neurological conditions. Considering that the number of older people having prolonged long-term medical conditions towards the end of life has been forecasted to increase, the inclusion of non-cancer related diseases within palliative care is essential (Gott and Ingleton, 2011). In correlation with recommendations from WHO (2011) guidelines, in order to meet the care needs of the older person, the dimensions of palliative care need to be expanded to encompass a broader range of conditions. This will require understanding from healthcare staff at all levels. Discussions of ageing and palliative care assume that ageism is an important factor limiting access to palliative care for the older person. The TLC model of Palliative Care, Jerant et al., (2004) argues that palliative care is viewed as a terminal event rather than a longitudinal process. He argues that this can result in unnecessary distress to the elderly patient suffering from chronic, slowly progressive illnesses (Jerant et al., 2004). The TLC model further goes on to recognise that palliative care of the older person is essential to relieve the physical and emotional complications that often accompany chronic long term end of life diseases and the illnesses associated with ageing (Jerant et al., 2004). Therefore, regardless of whether death is imminent, palliative care should be a major focus throughout the ageing process, with physiotherapy services being readily available to improve symptom control (Jerant et al., 2004). It can be predicted that physiotherapy services will be required over a prolonged period as a result of the older person facing more long term, chronic debilitating diseases. This emphasizes the need for palliative care teams to draw upon more physiotherapists to ensure the needs of the older person are met during the end of life. Although changing demographics may suggest that more physiotherapists will be required in order to meet the demands of the older person, the CSP (2004) highlights that in current clinical practice there is already a shortfall of physiotherapists working within palliative care. They further go on to emphasize that a predominant problem in accessing physiotherapy services as part of palliative care is a lack of experienced physiotherapists available CSP (2004). With an increase in ageing population and the changes in demographic trends of long term chronic conditions, a shortage of physiotherapists within palliative care teams will reduce the effectiveness of care packages provided. It is recognised worldwide that physiotherapy in palliative care is a specialty with physiotherapists required to have years of experience before they become involved in palliative care (CSP, 2004; WHO, 2011). Specialist palliative care is defined by the NCPC as a multidisciplinary approach, providing a variety of specialist services to patients facing end of life, either as a result of the ageing process or terminal illness. There is compelling evidence to demonstrate that compared to conventional care, specialist teams improve satisfaction and identify dealing more with patient and family needs, whilst they can also reduce the overall cost of care by reducing the time patients spend in acute hospital settings (House of Commons Health Committee, 2004) It is the ability to call upon a broad range of health professionals in specialist palliative care teams that provides care responsive to the older patients individual needs.  However, physiotherapists are only infrequently incorporated into specialist palliative care teams (CSP, 2004). In order for physiotherapists to be able to meet the demands of changing demographics of the ageing population it is essential that the role of the physiotherapist within palliative care is defined. Although NICE Guidelines on Supportive and Palliative Care (NICE, 2004) set aims relevant to the physiotherapeutic profession, whilst NICE (2011) guidelines on Palliative Care also state that physiotherapists are able to provide specialist skills, there is a lack of specific mention of physiotherapists and the role contributed. Proposals, such as NICE guidelines on Palliative Care (2011) and recommendations by WHO (2011) emphasis the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to palliative care however m entions of specialist palliative care teams are restricted to doctors, nurses and careers. Although guidelines recommend rehabilitation to be available to all patients, the role and effectiveness of the physiotherapist is not highlighted. The NHS Cancer Plan (2000) outlines palliative care guidelines to ensure patients receive the right healthcare services and support, as well as receiving the best, most holistic treatment. However in contradiction to this it has been found by Montagnini, Lodhi and Born (2003) that in the palliative care setting, rehabilitation interventions are often overlooked and underutilized, despite patients demonstrating high levels of functional disability. This has raised concerns as by excluding the attributes of specialist physiotherapists from specialist palliative care teams will be detrimental to patient care (CSP, 2004). More research is therefore required to identify the value and effectiveness of physiotherapy intervention for the older person under palliative care. Furthermore, it is essential that palliative care core guidelines are not just limited to medical teams and that physiotherapists are also recognised and identified as core members of specialised palliative care teams. This will allow for the development and production of a recognised clinical career structure for physiotherapists working in palliative care and thus to keep up with the changing demographics of ageing populations. Specialist palliative care teams encompasses hospice care, including services such as inpatient services, day care and community care as well as a range of advice, education, support and care (NICE, 2011). Given that a common problem presented by the older person is a functional decline in mobility, a major barrier preventing the older person from accessing palliative care services are difficulties leaving the home. Worryingly, physical inactivity has been demonstrated to correlate to an increase in premature deaths of patients under palliative care services, therefore it is essential that provisions are put in place for patients unable to access palliative care services (Pate  et al, (1995); Bryan  et al, (2007). There is an advantage for the older person to receive physiotherapy in their home setting as not only does it provide familiarity but it grants patient centred holistic care. Whilst it has also been found that the older person, specifically with dementia, have been shown to demonstrate greater progress and benefits when treated in a familiar setting such as the home setting rather than the clinical setting (Brissette, 2004). However as stated by Kumar  and  Jim (2011), the scope of physiotherapy practice is influenced by the ratio of qualified physiotherapists to the population. Therefore in order to meet the needs of the older person under changing demographics, the scope of physiotherapy services within palliative care will be required to expand, with more physiotherapists being readily available to treat the older person in outpatient and home settings. CONCLUSION

My Educational Philosophy Statement Essay -- My Philosophy of Educatio

As a teacher my primary role is to be not only a teacher to my students, but a caring and loving adult who is there to help guide them along the road less taken. I believe the most important part a teacher plays is the adult role model. The teacher may not be able to make every child exactly what they think the child should be. The teacher can teach a child right and wrong. The teacher can set an example and show kids how to be good citizens. Positive views of students will promote a positive teacher-student relationship based on trust. School is the first place where children begin to recognize what they likes and dislikes are, who they are and what they want to become. A great teacher will show the children that they are all important. A student-teacher relationship can become a great... My Educational Philosophy Statement Essay -- My Philosophy of Educatio As a teacher my primary role is to be not only a teacher to my students, but a caring and loving adult who is there to help guide them along the road less taken. I believe the most important part a teacher plays is the adult role model. The teacher may not be able to make every child exactly what they think the child should be. The teacher can teach a child right and wrong. The teacher can set an example and show kids how to be good citizens. Positive views of students will promote a positive teacher-student relationship based on trust. School is the first place where children begin to recognize what they likes and dislikes are, who they are and what they want to become. A great teacher will show the children that they are all important. A student-teacher relationship can become a great...

Andrew Jackson: Tyrant

â€Å"When the 1828 election rolled around, a lot of people were terrified when they heard Andrew â€Å"Old Hickory† Jackson was running. If you're wondering how a guy we're calling a bad ass got such a lame nickname, it's because he used to carry a hickory cane around and beat people senseless with it, and if you're wondering why he did that, it's because he was a f#$%*in g lunatic. † (Daniel O’Brien February 15, 2008) This quote from cracked.com illustrates the depth of the ruthlessness within Andrew Jackson, and it is this callousness that made him a tyrant of a President.His decisions were calculated. Andrew Jackson was known to be the type of person who would put his friends into government as a reward instead of the people who would actually be good for the job. This was called the Spoil System. The main purpose for the Spoil System was to ensure that when the party control changed, so did the administrators.Andrew Jackson was also known for taking advantag e of his power in the executive branch, while ignoring the Judicial and Legislative branches. He abused his power to veto to try to make himself more powerful than congress, and he ended up using the veto about sixteen times. Andrew Jackson was who started the act that moved thousands of Indian families to Oklahoma. This displacement was what became known as the â€Å"Trail of Tears. † The Natives were forced to walk across the country during the winter with nothing but clothes, where nearly 2000 Native Americans died.Jackson must have thought it was okay for him to evict them because of his thought to designate their own land to live on, even though the Native had so many advances in becoming civilized so they could be accepted by him and other citizens. Andrew Jackson was one of the biggest slave owners in the south and he was a big believer in Manifest Destiny, which he supported the right of whites to conquer North America. Jackson was also known for breaking campaign pol icies.He had stated that he supported state government, but ended up expanding federal government and that caused a lot of controversy. A good president would not jeopardize the lives of innocent people or try to steal power to make himself the center of the government. A good president wouldn’t put himself before his own people. For these reasons I believe that even though Jackson may have done some things to help our country, overall he was a horrible president.

Teacher immediacy Essays

Teacher immediacy Essays Teacher immediacy Paper Teacher immediacy Paper Immediacy can be described as psychological and physical closeness to another human (Gorham, 1988). Traditionally, immediacy has two components, non verbal and verbal. Non-verbal immediacy behaviors have been categorized into items such at smiles, eye contact, communicating at short distances, body positions that are forward leaning and/or relaxed, positive gestures, touch, and variety in vocalizations (Christophel, 1990; Kearney, Plax, Smith, Sorenson, 1988). Verbal immediacy would include self-disclosure, use of we, calling on students by name, and humor (Gorham, 1988; Kearney et al. , 1988). It is clear that teacher immediacy impacts teacher effectiveness, student motivation, and student learning (Gorham, 1988; Rodriguez, Plax, Kearney, 1996). What is unclear is the link between teacher immediacy, perceived teacher gender, and student willingness to participate. For this study, the variable of instructor nonverbal and verbal immediacy behaviors will be student reported on a 34-item measure (Christophel, 1990). Perceived Gender of the Instructor Because the students will report on the gender traits of the instructor, this variable is labeled as perceived gender. Sex and gender are not terms that are interchangeable today in communication research (Campbell, Gillaspy, Thompson, 1997). The term sex usually refers to biological differences between women and men while gender often refers to the social, psychological, and cultural beliefs humans have about themselves as being male or female (Pearson Davilla, 2001). For this study, gender is defined as the sex type of a person based on the degree to which that person has internalized the traits the society has deemed as masculine and feminine, and these masculine and feminine traits are delineated by the BSRI based on a judgment as to whether American society viewed those characteristics as more desirable in men and women, respectively (Bem, 1974). As educational communication researchers, we are interested in the extent to which our students have internalized societys standards for being masculine or feminine and how this internalization impacts how students conceptualize and categorize teacher gender traits. One way to measure perception of sex roles is to use the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) created by Sandra Bem (1974). The BSRI treated masculinity and femininity as two separate dimensions and asked respondents to self-rate from a list of personality traits (Auster Ohm, 2000). Each respondent would be classified into one of four groups: androgynous (high masculine/high feminine), masculine (high masculine/low feminine), feminine (low masculine/high feminine), and undifferentiated (low masculine/low feminine) (Pearson Davilla, 2001; Wheeless, Dierks-Stewart, 1981). In the original study, Menzel and Carrel (1999) found no significant relationship between the biological sex of instructors and student willingness to participate. What is unclear is both the relationship between perceived teacher gender and student willingness to participate and the relationship between perceived teacher gender and teacher immediacy behaviors. For this study, the variable of perceived gender of the instructor will be student reported on a 20-item BSRI. Willingness to Talk Student willingness to talk is an important component of the classroom environment, but unfortunately it is rare for the majority of students participate in whole class discussion (Green, 2000) Oral student participation is linked to active learning (Steinert, Snell, 1999), and instructors use class discussions to develop critical thinking skills (Garside, 1996) and to improve student communication competence (Zorn, 1991). Furthermore, student in-class speech is often a way that teachers gauge their pedagogical effectiveness, and instructors also use student speech to evaluate student learning (Cooper, 1995). Despite the importance of student speech in student learning, in a discussion setting that incorporates thirty-five students or less, 15 percent of the students will be responsible for 75 percent of all student speech (Green, 2000). Because of this disparity in student participation, it is important to study variables that could influence student willingness to speak. Menzel and Carrel (1999) found the level of student willingness to talk to be positively correlated with student learning; they also argued that classroom dialogue is important to study because it is a reflection of effective instruction. When measuring willingness to talk in class, it seems reasonable to accept Menzel and Carrels (1999) incorporation of the variables of student interest and state motivation, type of participation environment, seating arrangement, and level of discord with ideas discussed, especially since the researchers statistically evaluated their instrument for internal validity and found these variables valuable in studying student willingness to talk. For this study the variable of student willingness to talk in class is self-reported on a 19-item measure incorporating the aforementioned variables (Menzel Carrel, 1999). Purposes and Objectives This study seeks to replicate portions of the original study done by Menzel and Carrell (1999), with biological sex being replaced by gender of instructor, which is defined as psychological gender traits and student reported on the shortened BSRI. As previously discussed, research has positively correlated teacher immediacy behaviors with student willingness to talk (Menzel Carrell, 1999). Previous research has not investigated two potential relationships: between student willingness to talk and perceived instructor gender traits, and between instructor immediacy behaviors and perceived instructor gender traits. Hypothesis and Research Questions: H1: A students willingness to talk in class will positively vary based on instructor immediacy behavior (verbal and nonverbal combined in one variable). RQ1: Will a students willingness to talk in class vary as a function of the student reported perceived gender of the instructor? RQ2: Is there a relationship between instructor immediacy behavior (verbal and nonverbal combined in one variable) and student reported perceived gender of the instructor? With regard to our data set, we surveyed community college students while Menzel and Carrell (1999) surveyed university students. Given the differences between the educational plans of some community college students and the educational plans of university students, we wondered if length of planned education could impact how students reported on the three variables of our study. With this in mind, we posed a final research question.

Fundamentals Of Media And Communication Policy Social Policy Essays

Fundamentals Of Media And Communication Policy Social Policy Essays Fundamentals Of Media And Communication Policy Social Policy Essay Fundamentals Of Media And Communication Policy Social Policy Essay the Macedonian Radio Television adopted a new theoretical account of administration which included two Executive managers that would hold equal duties within the Public Service Broadcaster. As it was announced by the Prime Minister, this alteration was implemented in order to assist the Macedonian Radio Television support for work outing the fiscal troubles [ 1 ] it has been traveling under ( Dnevnik, October 2006 ) . Having looked at the administration construction of the Macedonian Radio Television, a inquiry for its independency is being imposed. The fact that the Council of the Macedonian Radio Television is being appointed by the Parliament of Macedonia threatens its independency. Even thought Article 122 from the Law of airing activity provinces that the plans that are being green goodss and broadcasted should be protected by any sort of influence of the governmental and political organisation , the world reflects the opposite ( Law on airing activity ) . Vesna Sopar from the Institute for societal and political research, in an interview for the newspaper Dnevnik states the Government of Macedonia is still non ready to give up from the power that arises from the influence of the public broadcaster ( Dnevnik, March 2006 ) . Similarly, the Director of the European Broadcasting Union s Television Department, Bjorn Ericsson, and EU Special Representative, Erwan Fou A ; eacute ; R A ; eacut e ; , stated that the chief dainty for the Macedonian Television is the political influence over it ( Netpress 2006 ) and the force per unit area of important political influence ( Radio Free Europe 2008 ) creditably. Regulatory model The ordinance construction of the broadcast medium in Macedonia consists of several histrions: Broadcasting Council, Ministry of Transport and Communications, Ministry of Culture and Agency for Electronic Communications. Harmonizing to Article 164 from the Law on broadcast medium activity, the Ministry of Transport and Communications and the Agency for Electronic Communications modulate the execution of the conditions set in the broadcaster s licences, building, keeping and use of the webs, and the resources for broadcast medium ( Law on airing activity 2005 ) . The Ministry of Culture, harmonizing to Article 165, is responsible for supervising in footings of the right of first publications and related rights, every bit good as the use of the Macedonian linguistic communication ( Law on airing activity 2005 ) . The last histrion is the ordinance construction is reflected in Article 163 of the same jurisprudence, which states that the Broadcasting Council is responsible for the execution of the scheduling rules, petitions and restrictions, has the cardinal function in ordinance construction ( Law on airing activity 2005 ) . The Council itself is an independent non-profit organic structure with the public competencies in the broadcast medium activity ( Law on airing activity 2005 ) . Its members, harmonizing to Article 24 are appointed and dismissed by the Parliament of Macedonia harmonizing to just representation of citizens of all communities in Macedonia ( Law on airing activity 2005 ) . Similarly to the instance with the broadcaster s independency that was argued before, political influence can besides been in this domain. Even thought the jurisprudence is precise in footings of the independency, unfavorable judgment for this so called independency could be seen in the appraisal of the European Union saying that the regulative governments should be farther strengthened and their independency guaranteed ( Georgievski 2006 ) . Influences can be besides seen in the assignment of the Executive Director of the Broadcasting Council and his Deputy, portrayed in the wont of the political parties in power to delegate a individual favourable by the governing party as an Executive Director, and Deputy from one of the Albanian party that is at the minute within the opinion alliance. Multiethnic society and scheduling for the minorities Macedonia is a county with multi-ethnic civilizations. These are portrayed in different domains of the society and are besides portrayed in the scheduling of the Macedonian Radio Television. Previous subdivisions of this paper allowed us to see the history of the Macedonian Radio Television, its administration construction and its encompassing ordinances. The undermentioned subdivision refers to the scheduling of the 2nd channel of the Macedonian Radio Television and ties some of the thoughts of the old subdivisions with the bing scheduling policy of the broadcaster. Sopar states that the gender construction of the Macedonian production has non been updated for many old ages ( Open Society Institute 2005 ) , which frequently is defended by the deficiency of fiscal resources of the Macedonian Radio Television. However, even with fortune of originative in the broadcast medium, the Macedonian Radio Television follows certain guidelines in footings of its programme model. The focal point of this subdivision is to take a expression at the fragments of the programme model that refer to the broadcast medium for the minorities in Macedonia. In these footings Article 104 from the Law on airing activity refers that it is obligatory for the broadcaster to demo advertizements in Macedonian linguistic communication, with Macedonian captions or captions in the linguistic communications of the appropriate minority group ( Law on airing activity 2005 ) . Table 1 reflect the different scheduling on the three channel of the Macedonian Radio Television, where every bit mentioned the 2nd channel represent the channel that broadcast plans for the minority groups. The tabular array is given in order to give an thought of the allotment of different plans on the first channel that broadcasts in Macedonian linguistic communication and the 2nd channel which broadcasts on the linguistic communications of the different cultural groups of the society. Table 2 supports Article 124 of the Law on broadcast medium activities which defines the scheduling model of the Macedonian Radio Television and states that this broadcaster is obliged to air at least 30 % of the scheduling in the linguistic communications of the minority groups of Macedonia, as shown in the tabular array for the 2nd channel ( Law on airing activity 2005 ) . In footings of the plans in the linguistic communications of the minority groups, the Macedonian Radio Television respects this rule by airing plans with length corresponds to the per centum of the minority part in the entire population ( Open Society Institute 2005, 249 ) . Additionally, in support to the multi-ethnic scheduling, harmonizing to Article 117 of the Law on broadcast medium activity, the Macedonian Radio Television broadcasts one telecasting plan service in Macedonian linguistic communication ( impart 1 ) , and one telecasting plan service in the linguistic communication spoken by at least 20 per centums of the citizens which is different from the Macedonian linguistic communication and the linguistic communications from the other minority groups ( Law on airing activity 2005 ) . This is besides tied to attempts for accomplishing the public involvement in Macedonia and defined through Article 121 from the same jurisprudence, where it is stated that the Macedonian Radio Television is responsible for airing plans that reflect different thoughts, nourish the cultural individuality of the communities, respect the cultural and spiritual differences and inspires cultural public duologues ( Law on airing activity 2005 ) . These responsibilities of the Macedonian Radio Television promote strengthening of the common apprehension and tolerance in the society and leads to improved relationships of the communities in multi-ethnic and multicultural environment. In add-on, responsibilities defined in this manner aid nurture and develop unwritten and linguistic communication criterions of all communities in Macedonia. Furthermore, these rules are besides supported by the Declaration of the Macedonian Radio Television in a manner that journalist from the public broadcast medium service are asked to demo regard for values of all cultural groups and to describe in an indifferent mode ( Open Society Institute 2005, 249 ) . Decision Having looked at the statements above, one inquiry will originate inquiring how independent the Macedonian Radio Television truly is. As we have seen there are refering issues that surround the administration of the Macedonian Radio Television and the Broadcasting Council when it comes to election and assignment of members of these two entities. Even thought is some instances, the Parliament does non hold direct power to suggest the members, the fact that it appointment them opens infinite for unfavorable judgment. Political power as reflected earlier can be felt in both establishments and international every bit good as domestic establishments have raised their issues in footings of the political relations environing the media. However, even thought the inquiry of independency is of important importance, the Macedonian Radio Television seems to be implementing it programming in line with the ordinances. As discussed earlier, Macedonia is a state of multiple ethnicities and multiple civilizations which imposes the importance of holding a broadcaster that will follow non merely the basic regulations of the public involvement, but will besides nurture the values of the different traditions in way of constructing integrity in the society as a whole. Taking into consideration the issue environing the handiness of beginnings raised on the beginning of the paper, it needs to be stressed once more that due to this restriction in the handiness of beginnings some issued could non be address in more inside informations, one of them being the multi-ethnic scheduling of the public broadcaster. However, from the available information it can be concluded that the Macedonian Radio Television respects and addresses all communities of the society. While it can be seen that great attempts are undertaken in the bringing of the scheduling in the different linguistic communications of the society, and balance has been made harmonizing to the corresponding per centum of the cultural groups in the entire population, farther attempts can be added to these regulations. Within these frames the Broadcasting Council, the Macedonian Radio Television, media experts and other involved parties might see originating public arguments that would concentrate on the cultural issues and the public service in order to corroborate whether the media is helping in the procedure of common apprehension, or is making even bigger spreads of the different communities in the state. Mentions Airing Council. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.srd.org.mk/index.php? option=com_content A ; view=category A ; layout=blog A ; id=38 A ; Itemid=27 A ; lang=mk ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Dnevnik. 2006. Foreigner, Director of the Macedonian Radio Television. Dnevnik, October 18, Macedonia subdivision, hypertext transfer protocol: //dnevnik.com.mk/ ? itemID=CBE136D4595DAF47BDCD427DD66CD876 A ; arc=1, ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Dnevnik. 2006. Macedonian Radio Television, that is me! Dnevnik, March 18, Macedonia subdivision, hypertext transfer protocol: //star.dnevnik.com.mk/default.aspx? pbroj=2694 A ; stID=49848 ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Georgievski, 2006. Government advisers in independent Council. Utrinski Vesnik, October 16, Macedonia subdivision, hypertext transfer protocol: //217.16.70.245/ ? pbroj=2049 A ; pr=20 A ; stID=65994, ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Macedonian Radio Television hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mrt.com.mk//index.php? option=com_content A ; task=view A ; id=78 A ; Itemid=57 ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Netpress. 2009. The authorities is mistreating the money for the Macedonian Radio Television. Netpress, January 29, Macedonia subdivision, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.netpress.com.mk/vest.asp? id=48882 A ; kategorija=7, ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia. 2007. Zakon za izmenuvanje I dopolnuvanje na zakonot za radiodifuznata dejnost. ( Law amending and add oning the Law on airing activity ) 19/2007. Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia. 1998. Zakon za osnovanje na javno pretprijatie Makedonska Radiodifuzija. ( Law for set uping the public broadcaster Macedonian Radio Television ) 6/98. Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia. 2005. Zakon za radiodifuznata dejnost. ( Law on airing activity ) 100/2005. Open Society Institute. 2005. Televizijata vo Evropa: proposi, politika I nezavisnost ( Television across Europe: ordinance, policy and independency ) 3/2005. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mediapolicy.org/tv-across-europe/the-2005-television-across-europe-reports/television-across-europe-2005-2006-individual-country-reports-and-translations/media_mac2.pdf/view? searchterm=None ( accessed December 1, 2009 ) . Radio Free Europe. 2008. The freedom of the media in Macedonia is realistic and serious job. Radio Free Europe, November 23, Macedonia subdivision, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.makdenes.org/content/article/1489598.html, ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . In this period as a effect of the turning away of the citizens to pay the user fee for the Macedonian Radio Television, the Television went over 100 million denars in dept. This turning away was chiefly due the un-satisfaction of the audience which perceived Macedonian Radio Television as weak broadcaster with hapless programming quality. Subsequently, the same twelvemonth, the Government of Macedonia covered the dept of the Television due to the work stoppage of the employees of the broadcaster.

Islamic Republic States Influence on Islamic Secular States Essay

Islamic Republic States Influence on Islamic Secular States - Essay Example The Islamic Secular State was declared the "compatibility of Islam with a secular state based on liberal democracy" (Aykol, 2007) in the Abant Platform held in Instanbul, Turkey. Meanwhile, the Islamic Republic State is another organizational body "seen as a compromise between a purely Islamic Caliphate, and secular nationalism and republicanism. In their conception of the Islamic republic, the penal code of the state are required to be compatible with some laws of Sharia, and not a monarchy as many Middle Eastern states are presently" ("Nation Master"). The Islamic Republic State is therefore, a larger influence towards the Islamic Secular State. It is the purpose of this paper to identify the influence of the Islamic Republic States toward Islamic Secular States with short explorations on the political organization in the countries of Turkey and Lebanon to achieve an enlightened The political issue in the Islamic world remains in conflict because of the cultural and ethnic differences which results to diverse interpretations of the law in the Muslim world. Religion is faithfully adhered in the Islamic community that it guides the decisions of Muslim leaders based on their interpretation influencing the political affairs. The religious leaders in Muslim community are highly respected that their opinion substantially matters to affect political decisions. The Republic States in the Muslim World adopted by countries like Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Mauritania follows a theocratic form of government which requires compatibility with the laws of Sharia shaping the political and legal decisions of the state. These states although guided with one religion, Islam, vary in their governmental approach and implementation of laws. To understand the religious influence on politics, it is necessary to understand the Sharia law which is adhered to by the Republic States in their legal execution and political affairs. The Sharia "is a common-law system in the sense that it's not written down in just one place. You have the Qur'an itself, where the words of God are recorded. You have the words of the Prophet as told to his companions, who reported them down through the years. Then you have a human practice of evaluating and analyzing the meanings of those texts. Then you have a large body of legal interpretation of lawyers and jurists trying to make sense of this material" (Feldman and Surname 3 Myers, 2008). Such is the system that is promoted to manipulate legal decisions in the Islamic world. It is the interpretation of these laws that creates a conflict in the decision making of leaders of different states in the Islamic community. RISE OF ISLAMIC SECULAR STATE In June 1998 was the date that the Islamic Secular State was declared fully operational and ready to execute its assigned duties for a universal understanding between members of the Islamic group. One issue that the Islamic Secular State dutifully attempts to bridge up for a common understanding and interpretation is the issue on the Shariah law whereby, even Pakistanis known to identify Islam within their culture, do not recognize the Shariah law. Politics and religion in the Islamic wo

Soft processor Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Soft processor - Research Paper Example This is important because laymen and some scholars often confuse them with each other in terms of their design and functionality. At the end of this paper, I intend to have achieved two main objectives: examine and discuss all aspects of soft core processors, and show a clear distinction (in terms of design and functionality) between soft core and hard core processors. Key words Core processors, soft core processors, hard core processors Introduction A soft processor is a patented core that is based on the Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic primitives (Chu 2012, pg. 31). A hard processor, on the other hand, is a patented core that is based developed from dedicated silicon. In this regard, it is built directly onto non-reconfigurable silicon. A real example of a soft-processor is the Xilinx MicroBlaze processor core. This is a 32-bit processor core that is also a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC). It has the following features: Harvard bus architecture Highly configurabl e cache Exceptional handling capacity and two levels of interruption A standardized core connect bus interface manufactured by IBM 3-stage pipeline Thirty-two registers for general purpose This processor can operate at up to 250MHz based on a Virtex-4 (4VLX40-12) component. Between 1000 and 2700 Xilinx LUTs (Look-Up tables) are required for the implementation of a MicroBlaze soft processor, depending on the manner in which the processor is configured. Background FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) An FPGA is an integrated circuit (IC) that is capable of being programmed to perform any logical function. FPGAs usually have many gates (sometimes even millions) which can be interlinked in any configuration required to resemble a logic circuit. Such interconnections are performed entirely using software. This is done by uploading a modified hardware definition for a logic circuit) to an FPGA. The FPGA will subsequently assume the attributes of that logic unit. The logic unit is defined using a HDL (hardware definition language). An FPGA is made up of a complex matrix/assembly of logic cells (Yiannacouras 2005, pg. 36). The FPGA is a general-purpose component that is full of digital logic building units. The two dominant firms in the FPGA industry are Xilinx and Altera. The most primitive building block used in FPGA is known as an LE (Logic Element) by Altera or an LC (Logic Cell) by Xilinx. In both cases, the building block is made up of an LUT for logical purposes and a flip-flop for purposes of storage. Apart from the LE/LC block, FPGAs also include clock management, multiplication blocks, memory, and input/output (I/O). LE/LC is often used in finding system costs. FPGAs offer hardware designers great flexibility. Although pioneer designers primarily employed FPGAs in debugging and prototyping, most commercial end-products now integrate FPGAs. Designers who use FPGAs are able to develop hardware components or entire systems quickly while still balancing the debu gging and prototyping benefits that FPGAs have over application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designs (Iniewski 2013, pg. 35). Constant increases in FPGA architectural features, performance, and capacity are allowing more designs to be implemented through FPGAs. To further this, FPGAs costs are declining, enabling designers to integrate FPGAs with 1 million similar gates for less than $13.